1. What are the early symptoms of ovarian cancer?
Early symptoms are subtle. Common manifestations include bloating, abdominal discomfort, fullness after eating, and urinary frequency and urgency. Some patients have irregular menstruation or irregular vaginal bleeding.
2. What are the risk factors for ovarian cancer?
Risk factors include inherited conditions such as BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations and Lynch syndrome, early menarche, late menopause, having no children, and a late first birth.
3. What types of ovarian cancer surgery are available?
Surgery mainly involves comprehensive staging and cytoreduction. Early-stage surgery establishes stage, while advanced-stage cytoreduction removes as much visible disease as possible.
4. What is minimally invasive treatment for ovarian cancer?
Early ovarian cancer may undergo minimally invasive laparoscopic comprehensive staging, with less trauma and faster recovery. Selected recurrent cases may undergo secondary laparoscopic cytoreduction after strict assessment.
5. What chemotherapy regimens are used for ovarian cancer?
Standard chemotherapy is a platinum combination, namely intravenous carboplatin with paclitaxel. Bevacizumab may be added for selected patients.
6. What is ovarian cancer maintenance therapy?
Maintenance means continuing medication after chemotherapy to delay recurrence. PARP inhibitors such as olaparib and niraparib are important options,
7. What follow-up is needed after ovarian cancer treatment?
Regular gynecological ultrasound, pelvic CT or MRI, and tumor markers such as CA125 are checked every 2-3 months during the first two years. Monitor changes in abdominal symptoms,
