1. Treatment of undescended testis (cryptorchidism)
Testicular position should be examined in male infants after birth; orchiopexy (surgical descent and fixation of the testis) should be performed before the age of one for children with undescended testes to reduce the long-term risk of malignant transformation.
2. Periodic self-examination
Males past puberty should perform a monthly testicular self-examination, palpating the testes for lumps or changes in texture, and seek medical attention promptly if any abnormalities are detected.
3. Genetic counseling
Individuals with a family history of germ cell tumors or Klinefelter syndrome should seek genetic counseling to understand their genetic risk and develop an individualized monitoring plan.
4. Avoiding radiation
Unnecessary pelvic and abdominal radiological examinations should be avoided during childhood; ionizing radiation can increase the risk of germ cell mutations, a matter requiring serious attention.
5. Healthy living
Maintain a regular daily routine, a balanced diet, and moderate exercise; avoid excessive fatigue and mental stress to preserve normal immune function.
6. Focus on the contralateral side
Patients with a history of testicular germ cell tumor in one testis require close monitoring of the contralateral testis; due to the increased risk of developing the disease in the other testis, lifelong regular follow-up examinations are necessary.
7. Fertility protection
Confirmed patients should consult on fertility preservation options prior to treatment; since radiotherapy and chemotherapy may affect fertility, sperm cryopreservation may be considered.
Conclusion
Germ cell tumors result from the combined effects of various factors, such as undescended testes and genetics; they are serious malignancies common in young adult males.Early treatment of undescended testes, regular self-examination, and genetic counseling are vital for early detection, timely intervention, and improved prognosis.
