1.What are the early symptoms of multiple myeloma?
Common symptoms of multiple myeloma include persistent bone pain (especially in the lower back), fatigue and pallor due to anemia, recurrent infections, thirst and polyuria caused by hypercalcemia, and foamy urine resulting from renal dysfunction.
2.How is multiple myeloma diagnosed?
Diagnosis relies on serum protein electrophoresis to detect M-protein and immunofixation electrophoresis to determine the type.Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy reveal an increase in clonal plasma cells.
3.What are the main treatment methods for multiple myeloma?
Primary treatments include proteasome inhibitors (e.g., bortezomib) and immunomodulatory agents (e.g., lenalidomide) combined with dexamethasone.Patients eligible for transplantation undergo autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
4.What is minimally invasive treatment for multiple myeloma?
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation involves the intravenous infusion of stem cells, eliminating the need for open abdominal surgery.Percutaneous vertebroplasty is used to treat vertebral compression fractures.
5.How is multiple myeloma bone disease managed?
Bisphosphonates or denosumab inhibit bone destruction and require long-term use.Strenuous exercise should be avoided to prevent fractures.Pain management improves quality of life.Pathological fractures require surgery or bone cement fixation.
6.What is the role of autologous stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma?
Autologous stem cell transplantation involves using high-dose chemotherapy to eliminate myeloma cells, followed by the reinfusion of the patient's own hematopoietic stem cells to restore hematopoietic function.Transplantation can prolong progression-free survival and overall survival.
7.Daily life considerations for multiple myeloma patients?
Avoid strenuous exercise and heavy physical labor to prevent fractures and trauma.Drink plenty of water to promote the excretion of abnormal proteins and protect kidney function.Prevent infection and maintain good personal hygiene.
