1. Genetic factors
Individuals with a history of multiple myeloma among first-degree relatives face a two- to four-fold increased risk of developing the disease; certain genetic polymorphisms are associated with its onset.
2. Occupational exposure
Agricultural and industrial workers with long-term exposure to insecticides, organic solvents, petroleum products, and heavy metals face an increased risk of developing the disease.
3. Obesity-related factors
Obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, is associated with an increased risk of multiple myeloma; the obesity-related inflammatory state promotes tumorigenesis.
4. Chronic inflammation
Patients with chronic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, face a higher risk of developing multiple myeloma compared to the general population.
5. Radiation exposure
A history of radiotherapy or long-term exposure to low-dose radiation may increase the risk of developing multiple myeloma.
6. Immune abnormalities
Chronic antigen stimulation and immune system dysfunction may be closely linked to the development and progression of myeloma.
7. Age and gender
Multiple myeloma is most common in individuals over the age of 65; the incidence rate is higher in men than in women and increases with age.
Conclusion
Multiple myeloma is caused by the interplay of various factors, including genetic predisposition, occupational exposure, and obesity;it can lead to serious complications such as bone destruction and renal failure.Avoiding occupational exposure, managing body weight, and undergoing regular health check-ups are crucial for early detection and timely intervention.
