1. What are the early symptoms of maxillary sinus cancer?
Early symptoms of maxillary sinus cancer are not obvious and may include unilateral nasal obstruction, bloody nasal discharge, or increased nasal secretions.
2. What causes maxillary sinus cancer?
Risk factors for maxillary sinus cancer include long-term smoking, chronic maxillary sinusitis, and exposure to wood dust and chemicals such as nickel and chromium. Incidence is higher in certain occupations, such as woodworking and leatherworking.
3. What types of maxillary sinus cancer surgery are available?
Surgery for maxillary sinus cancer mainly involves maxillectomy, with partial or total resection selected according to tumor extent. Orbital invasion requires removal of the orbital contents as well,
4. What is minimally invasive treatment for maxillary sinus cancer?
Early tumors confined to the maxillary sinus mucosa can be removed endoscopically. Nasal endoscopic surgery uses a transnasal approach without facial incisions, causing less trauma and allowing faster recovery. However, its applicability is limited,
5. Why is radiotherapy needed after maxillary sinus cancer surgery?
Adjuvant radiotherapy after maxillary sinus cancer surgery reduces local recurrence. It is particularly important for high-risk factors such as positive margins, nerve invasion, and lymph node metastasis.
6. How is advanced maxillary sinus cancer treated?
Advanced maxillary sinus cancer is treated with a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Chemoradiotherapy improves local control. Platinum drugs combined with 5-fluorouracil are commonly used.
7. How is facial appearance restored after maxillary sinus cancer treatment?
Prosthetic rehabilitation is needed after maxillectomy to restore facial appearance and oral function. Dental prostheses can close oronasal fistulas and restore chewing and speech. Flap or bone graft reconstruction is performed when necessary.
